CBS, Viacom agree to merge, forming a $28B entertainment firm (2024)

The boards of CBS Corp. and Viacom Inc.said Tuesday they reached a definitive agreement on their long-awaited merger, which will form a $28 billion entertainment company controlled by the Redstone family's National Amusem*nts Inc.

Both companies had worked over the weekend in an attempt to announce the merger on Monday, but two outstanding issues had delayed any official announcement. First, the companies needed to reach a firm agreement on the price to take into account that CBS, with a market value of $18 billion, will technically be taking over the smaller Viacom, with a market value of around $12 billion. Under the terms of the deal, each Viacom share will be worth 0.59625 shares, these people say.

Viacom CEO Bob Bakish will run the combined company as its CEO with CBS interim chief Joe Ianniello and other unit chiefs reporting to him. Ianniello will become chairman and CEO of CBS.

The deal is a milestone for Shari Redstone, the daughter of ailingmedia mogul Sumner Redstone. While Viacom and CBS were separate companies that were spun out of National Amusem*nts Jan. 1, 2006, Shari Redstone has been seeking to reunite them since 2016.

“I am really excited to see these two great companies come together so that they can realize the incredible power of their combined assets," she said in a statement. "My father once said ‘content is king,’ and never has that been more true than today."

When Viacom and CBS split in 2006, they were significant players in the media business. Management at the time believed both could achieve broader goals of expansion using their own stock as currency for acquisitions. CBS could focus on its top-line TV broadcasting of news, sports and sitcoms, while Viacom would pursue movies and distribute its niche content through cable. At the time of the spinoff, Viacom had a market cap of roughly $26 billion and was seen as a growth engine with hot brands like Nickelodeon and MTV. CBS, with a market cap of $6 billion, was established and viewed as stable but not scalable.

Just days after the spinoff, CBS’ valuation jumped to $15 billion.

Another factor in the breakup was management issues. According to veteran media analyst Rich Greenfield, “There were two senior management teams, so the rationale was that there needed to be two separate companies.”

But industry trends in recent years took a toll on both outfits, particularly Viacom, which shrunk to a $12 billion market size while CBS stagnated, hovering around $19 billion; both were dwarfed by media giants like AT&T, the parent of Warner Brothers (formerly known as Time Warner), which has a market value of $251 billion; and Comcast, the owner of NBC Universal, which is valued at $400 billion.

They also face existential threats from deep-pocketed tech companies like Netflix and Amazon that churn out content. As media has converged and cord-cutting has sliced the television audience share, Shari Redstone sought to combine the entities to achieve synergies that will keep the two companies competitive – and possibly unload them down the road.

Redstone's efforts were initially resisted by CBS' then-CEO Les Moonves who feared that what he believed was Viacom's inferior lineup would weaken the value of CBS, and make it more difficult for the company to seek a buyer.

While the Redstone's hold what's known as the controlling shares of both outfits, CBS and Viacom have separate boards and fiduciary responsibility to separate public shareholders. Moonves sued to prevent the merger on the grounds it was bad for CBS stockholders, and strip Redstone of her voting rights. Both sides reached a settlement delaying any merger of the company for years.

But with Moonves's ouster due to allegations of sexual misconduct, deal talks began in March of this year, as FOX Business was first to report. Bakish, who had been appointed CEO of Viacom in 2016 following the ouster of Philippe Dauman, was considered a natural fit to lead the combined company given his close relationship with Redstone and his record in turning around Viacom, which just announced better-than-expected second-quarter earnings.

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Now that the deal is announced, the question will turn to the future. Will Shari Redstone try to expand the combined CBS-Viacom? One potential acquisition target, media watchers say, is Discovery Inc. given its size, $15 billion, and its top-branded content like HGTV and the Food Network.

But analysts say with a market cap that should hover around $30 billion, the newly combined CBS-Viacom is still too small to effectively compete with industry behemoths. Tech giants like Amazon and Apple are now entering the media space with significant streaming services and both have market values that approach $1 trillion.

“Today media is all about scale,” Moody’s senior analyst Neil Begley said. But “even joining CBS and Viacom may not be enough . . . the big question is where does the joint company go from here?”