DiVA - Latest publications (2024)

Division of Industrial Engineering and Management, Uppsala University, Sweden.

Amouzgar, Kaveh

University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science. University of Skövde, Virtual Engineering Research Environment. Division of Industrial Engineering and Management, Uppsala University, Sweden.

Ng, Amos H. C.

University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science. University of Skövde, Virtual Engineering Research Environment. Division of Industrial Engineering and Management, Uppsala University, Sweden.

Understanding delay conditions and making accurate predictions are essential for optimizing turnaround and taxi times, which in turn reduces fuel consumption and lowers CO2 emissions in airport operations. However, while existing research has explored the impact of various prediction models on airport operations, it often overlooks the performance of Collaborative Decision Making (CDM) variables when discussing delay conditions. The implementation of CDM at major European airports has led to a milestone-based approach within airport operations, particularly in the turnaround operations, segmenting these operations with unique features. The purpose of this paper is to systematically investigate the efficacy of various machine learning techniques, such as linear regression, regression trees, random forests, elastic nets, and multi-layer perceptrons (MLP), in accurately predicting delay categories within the CDM framework. For this purpose, we analyzed CDM operational data from Madrid Airport, with at least 166,185 flight observations. Our findings illustrate a training methodology on how different models vary in prediction accuracy when applied to CDM operational data. We applied the SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) method for feature importance analysis of all our independent variables to interpret the output of our machine learning models. Our results indicate that linear regression and elastic nets are the most effective machine learning models for achieving high prediction accuracy within the CDM framework. To test their robustness, we extended the analysis with predictions for better schedule times for taxi times on arrival and depature for selected runways using a different dataset. Our results contribute by showcasing a training methodology, highlighting how elastic net model as the best-performing model can be adopted for turnaround operations. In conclusion, we discuss the implications of our results for runway demand policies and use of airport resources such as gate & runaway allocation.

Department of ALM, Uppsala University, Sweden.

Rexhepi, Hanife

University of Skövde, School of Informatics. University of Skövde, Informatics Research Environment.

Moll, Jonas

Centre for Empirical Research on Information Systems, School of Business Örebro, University Örebro, Sweden.

Ghorbanian Zolbin, Maedeh

Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.

Blease, Charlotte

Participatory eHealth and Health Data Research Group, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Sweden ; Medtech Science & Innovation Centre, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden ; Digital Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.

Bärkås, Anna

Participatory eHealth and Health Data Research Group, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Sweden ; Medtech Science & Innovation Centre, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden.

Åhlfeldt, Rose-Mharie

University of Skövde, School of Informatics. University of Skövde, Informatics Research Environment.

Hagström, Josefin

Participatory eHealth and Health Data Research Group, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Sweden ; Medtech Science & Innovation Centre, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden.

Kane, Bridget

Participatory eHealth and Health Data Research Group, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Sweden ; Business School, Karlstad University, Sweden.

Scandurra, Isabella

Centre for Empirical Research on Information Systems, School of Business Örebro, University Örebro, Sweden.

Hägglund, Maria

Participatory eHealth and Health Data Research Group, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Sweden ; Medtech Science & Innovation Centre, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden.

Klein, Gunnar O.

Centre for Empirical Research on Information Systems, School of Business Örebro, University Örebro, Sweden.

Wang, Bo

Norwegian Centre for E-Health Research, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.

Kharko, Anna

Participatory eHealth and Health Data Research Group, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Sweden ; Medtech Science & Innovation Centre, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden ; School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, United Kingdom.

Objective: The current understanding of the breadth of individual differences in how eHealth technologies are perceived as useful for different purposes is incomprehensive. The aim/purpose of the study is to improve the understanding of diverse perceptions of the usefulness of technologies by exploring older adults’ use of their patient-accessible electronic health records (PAEHRs).

Methods: The study applies and extends Affordance Theory based on an empirical analysis of data from the NORDeHEALTH 2022 Patient Survey on attitudes toward PAEHR in Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Estonia. Responses from 3964 participants in Sweden, aged 65 + years were analysed. Data included demographics and agreement ratings to reasons for using PAEHR. To analyse variation in the reasons for using PAEHR, group comparisons were conducted based on gender (male/female), age group (65–74, 75–84 and 85+) and earlier encouragement to use PAEHR.

Results: Overall, the findings suggest that PAEHRs have multiple parallel affordance trajectories and affordance potencies that actualise differently depending on needs. The top reasons, pointing to both orientational and goal-oriented affordances for using PAEHR, were improving understanding of health issues, getting an overview of medical history/treatment and ensuring understanding of what the doctor said. Men reported more often sharing information with relatives or friends as a reason to access PAEHR. Women were more inclined, albeit similarly to men less frequently, to read their PAEHR for detecting errors. Age had little influence on reasons for using PAEHR.

Conclusions: The study applies and extends Affordance Theory in the context of older adults’ PAEHR use based on findings from the largest national investigation of reasons for older users to access PAEHR in Sweden demonstrating the applicability of the theory in improving the understanding of the diversity of individual perceptions on eHealth technologies.

Blekinge Institute of Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Industrial Economics.

Johansson, Börje

Jönköping University.

Niedomysl, Thomas

Stockholm University.

This paper analyzes city system dynamics, based on a theoretical framework relating interaction potentials to agglomeration economies and density externalities. It employs new historical time series data on population size of cities in Sweden over two centuries (1810-2010) and introduces two schematic growth factors: (i) the intra-city potential and (ii) the extra-city potential located in in rings encircling each city. The first factor is measured by each city's population size, while the second is a vector of distance-discounted population size for each of a city's urban rings. In this way, we can explain a city's growth as a function of its interaction potential inside the city, as well as inside the first, second hand third ring. A robust finding is that cities with large ring potentials follow different development paths than those with small ring potentials. We also find clear evidence of structural change between the two centuries 1810-1910 and 1910-2010. In the first period, city growth is positively impacted by the size of the intra-city potential, whereas the same potential dampens or reduces the growth in the second period. Moreover, the ring potentials outside the city tend to switch from having negative growth stimulation in the first period to having positive stimulation in the second period.

Södertörn University, School of Culture and Education, Comparative Literature. Södertörn University, Centre for Baltic and East European Studies (CBEES), Baltic & East European Graduate School (BEEGS).

This study highlights and problematises the literary composition of peace in selected works by three Swedish-language authors in the Baltic Sea region: Frida Stéenhoff (1865–1945), Elin Wägner (1882–1949) and Hagar Olsson (1893–1978). Against the background of the early 20th century Western feminist peace movement and European colonisation, it is shown how these authors enter into dialogue with an international tradition of thinking peace. Based on the literary composition of peace in the material, the study focuses on the local and international contexts addressed therein and its approach to three tendencies and dilemmas in the traditional Western understanding of the relationship between war and peace: 1) the understanding of peace as the negation of war, 2) the gendering and racialisation of the concept of peace, 3) the idea that war is something natural to man.

The literary composition of peace in the material – the drama Stridbar ungdom (Pugnacious Youth 1907) and the historical drama novel Ljusa bragder och mörka dåd: kulturhistoriska tablåer från 1700-talet (Bright Feats and Dark Deeds: 18th Century Cultural History Tableaux 1915) by Frida Stéenhoff, the novels Den befriade kärleken (Love Liberated 1918) and Den förödda vingården (The Ruined Vineyard 1920) by Elin Wägner, and the novels På Kanaanexpressen (On the Canaan Express 1929) and Chitambo (1933) by Hagar Olsson – is displayed and problematised through contextualising close readings, based on a postcolonial and decolonising conceptual apparatus. The analysis then proceeds through a historical and ideological contextualisation of the modern Western peace movement, in particular its feminist branch and tradition of thought, as well as the above-mentioned authors’ positioning within it.

All in all, the analyses illustrate how the issue of peace in the fictional material is anchored in both a local Baltic Sea perspective and an international context and is treated in dialogue with the modern Western feminist tradition of thinking peace and its relationship to European colonialism. The gender- and colonial-critical approach to the literary composition of peace in this study brings to the fore several of Stéenhoff’s, Wägner’s, and Olsson’s understudied works. In turn, close readings of these works point to overlooked messages and problem formulations in the authors’ production. In particular, these works display a simultaneous resistance to the Western tradition of gendering the peace issue – negatively, as something feminine – as well as a reproduction of the racialisation of the peace issue.

Furthermore, the works examined are united in a theatrical narrative approach that creates a distance between the reader and the story being told. The critical potential of the literary composition of peace asserts itself in the possibility for changing perspectives that is inherent in fiction, specifically through tools such as distancing, uncertainty, paradoxes, ambivalences, ambiguities, parody, irony, sarcasm, staging, and meta-perspectives. Not least, the analyses show how the meaning attached to the concept of peace in a Western feminist context is also full of paradoxes and ambivalences, and that problematising this helps develop an understanding of the intertwining of the concept of peace with intersubjective constructs such as gender and race. By extension, it is clear from this result that the field of peace studies has something important to learn from literary compositions of peace as well as the literary studies of these.

Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, Tema Environmental Change. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.

The global nitrogen (N) cycle operates far beyond its safety threshold. Anthropogenic activities, such as the production of synthetic N fertilizers and the consumption of fossil fuels, have been indicated as the main causes for this imbalance. However, synthetic N fertilizers are essential to maintain or increase agricultural productivity, and their future use will likely increase with population growth. Today, the synthesis of N fertilizers is mostly fossil-based, and accounts for a considerable share of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. For these reasons, there is an increasing focus on N recovery from nutrient-rich waste – also known as white ammonia – to substitute synthetic N, and prevent additional fixation of nitrogen gas to reactive N.

Biogas plants produce biogas and digestate via anaerobic digestion. Biogas can substitute fossil fuels with considerable climate impact savings. Digestate carries recalcitrant organic matter and high shares of mineralized nutrients, can be valorized as biofertilizer and substitute synthetic fertilizers. Therefore, white ammonia from digestate can help meet the demand for synthetic N fertilizers, while reducing the reliance on fossil synthetic N.

In this thesis, I view biogas plants as integrated centers for renewable energy and nutrient recovery and processing. I investigated some technical solutions to separate and recover N from biogas digestate using a systematic literature review of data from full-scale biogas plants, and laboratory studies. The latter focused on ammonia stripping in-between anaerobic reactors. Furthermore, we considered the energy and climate implications of the results in broader systems perspectives. The available knowledge about full-scale digestate solid-liquid separation showed that centrifuges separate 60% more solids, and 45% more organic-N, but with a 4.5 higher energy use than screw presses. In a systems perspective, digestate solid-liquid separation lowered operational costs associated with digestate transportation both in a Swedish and Belgian context. Gas emissions from digestate storage considerably reduced the net-climate impact savings from the substitution of conventional synthetic fertilizers. In regions where recovered N cannot be used due to excess of N, as in Belgium, the removal of N from digestate in wastewater treatment plants caused a higher climate impact than that currently generated from the synthesis of an equivalent mass of synthetic N fertilizers. In a wider systems perspective, I demonstrated the importance of considering the embedded energy of reactive N in digestate from biogas plants. Accounting for that energy means that biogas plants could be credited with an additional 12% (fossil) energy savings.

Ammonia stripping is a technology to recover reactive N and can be an intermediate treatment during the anaerobic digestion process. Thermal-alkaline ammonia stripping recovered between 60 and 90% of ammonium-N from different types of unseparated digestate. Also, it enhanced N mineralization and boosted biomethane production in a post-incubation. Thermal ammonia stripping recovered 46% of ammonium-N from unseparated sewage sludge digestate. This treatment enhanced biomethane production by 50% in a continuous post-incubation of treated digestate, and increased the ammonium-N concentration three times more than in the control.

This thesis aims at contributing to the development of biogas plants as integrated centers for renewable energy and nutrient recovery and processing. The results offer insights into the technical and environmental performance of digestate processing, and assess broader system effects. Lab results indicate a solution on how to increase the throughput of ammonium-N from biogas plants.

Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.

Sepman, Alexey

RISE, Piteå, Sweden.

Carlborg, Markus

Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.

Wiinikka, Henrik

RISE, Piteå, Sweden; Energy Engineering, Division of Energy Science, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden.

Schmidt, Florian

Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics.

Oxy-fuel biomass combustion can facilitate carbon capture in heat and power plants and enable negative carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions. We demonstrate oxy-fuel combustion (OFC) of softwood powder in a 100-kW atmospheric down-fired pulverized combustor run at a global oxidizer-fuel equivalence ratio of around 1.25. The simulated oxidizer was varied between oxygen (O₂)/CO₂ mixtures of 23/77, 30/70, 40/60 and 54/46, and artificial air. The concentrations of the main gaseous potassium (K) species: atomic K, potassium hydroxide (KOH) and potassium chloride (KCl), were measured at two positions in the reactor core using photofragmentation tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (PF-TDLAS). Major species were quantified by TDLAS in the reactor core and with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry at the exhaust. Flue gas particles were collected at the exhaust employing a low-pressure impactor and analyzed by X-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The measured individual K species concentrations in the reactor core agreed with predictions by thermodynamic equilibrium calculations (TEC) within one order of magnitude and the sum of K in the gas phase agreed within a factor of three for all cases. Atomic K was underpredicted, while the dominating KOH and KCl were slightly overpredicted. The ratios of measured to predicted total K were similar in artificial air and OFC, but the distributions of the individual species differed at the upper reactor position. The gaseous K species and fine particle concentrations in the flue gas were directly proportional to the O₂ content in the oxidizer. The crystalline phase compositions of the coarse mode particles were rich in K- and calcium-containing species. The fine mode particles, which contained most of the K, consisted mainly of K₂SO₄ (94%) and K₃Na(SO₄)₂, which is in excellent agreement with TECs of gas phase condensation. As supported by the solid phase analysis, complete sulfation of K species was achieved for all studied cases. A CO₂ purity (dry) of up to 94% was achieved for OFC.

University of Skövde, School of Informatics. University of Skövde, Informatics Research Environment.

Essvik, Olle

HDK-Valand - Academy of Art and Design, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.

Angerer, Tina B.

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.

Kaya, Ibrahim

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.

Nilsson, Anna

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.

Shariatgorji, Reza

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.

Svenningsson, Per

Karolinska Inst, Dept Clin Neurosci, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden..

Andrén, Per E.

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.

In an era when population aging is increasing the burden of neurodegenerative conditions, deciphering the mechanisms underlying brain senescence is more important than ever. Here, we present a spatial metabolomics analysis of age-induced neurochemical alterations in the mouse brain using negative ionization mode mass spectrometry imaging. The age-dependent effects of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor tacrine were simultaneously examined. For ultrahigh mass resolution analysis, we utilized a Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance spectrometer. To complement this, a trapped ion mobility spectrometry time-of-flight analyzer provided high speed and lateral resolution. The chosen approach facilitated the detection and identification of a wide range of metabolites, from amino acids to sphingolipids. We reported significant, age-dependent alterations in brain lipids which were most evident for sulfatides and lysophosphatidic acids. Sulfatide species, which are mainly localized to white matter, either increased or decreased with age, depending on the carbon chain length and hydroxylation stage. Lysophosphatidic acids were found to decrease with age in the detailed cortical and hippocampal subregions. An age-dependent increase in the glutamine/glutamate ratio, an indicator of glia-neuron interconnection and neurotoxicity, was detected after tacrine administration. The presented metabolic mapping approach was able to provide visualizations of the lipid signaling and neurotransmission alterations induced by early aging and can thus be beneficial to further elucidating age-related neurochemical pathways.

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Inorganic Chemistry. Strateg Res, S-81181 Alleima, AB, Sweden.

Zendejas Medina, León

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Inorganic Chemistry.

Lewin, Erik

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Inorganic Chemistry.

Donzel-Gargand, Olivier

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Solar Cell Technology.

Jansson, Ulf

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Inorganic Chemistry.

Lautrup, Lisa

Strateg Res, S-81181 Alleima, AB, Sweden..

This study reveals the influence of crystal orientation on formation of growth twins in magnetron-sputtered coatings. A comparison between materials with low and high stacking fault energy (SFE) was made: CoCrFeMnNi (25 mJ/m(2)) and Ni (125 mJ/m(2)). The coatings were grown on a polycrystalline 316L stainless-steel substrate with near-random crystal texture, providing a comprehensive selection of samples on a single substrate. Electron backscatter diffraction was used to identify the film orientation, followed by transmission electron microscopy of selected regions. The presence and density of twins depended on both the material and the growth orientation. For Ni, nanotwins were observed on < 5 % of the substrate grains, on growth directions closest to (1 1 1) . All other film orientations grew epitaxially with a cube-on-cube relationship. For CoCrFeMnNi, nanotwinning was observed on 50 % of the substrate grains, deviating < 35 degrees from (1 1 1) . In the nanotwinned regions, the twin spacing was 10-100 nm for Ni and 2-20 nm for CoCrFeMnNi. The presence of nanotwins increased hardness in both materials. The mechanism behind these differences is discussed, together with other parameters for controlling twin density. Our results show that control of the growth process can be used for nanotwin-engineering in magnetron-sputtered materials with low SFE.

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Molecular Biomimetics. Univ Punjab, Inst Microbiol & Mol Genet, Lahore 54590, Pakistan.;Women Univ Multan, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Multan, Pakistan.

Lindblad, Peter

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Molecular Biomimetics.

Ahmed, Mehboob

Univ Punjab, Inst Microbiol & Mol Genet, Lahore 54590, Pakistan..

Depleting fossil fuel resources and increasing energy demand have intensified the emphasis on biofuel production cyanobacteria. In this study, 19 cyanobacterial filamentous strains were isolated from various regions of Pakistan, including the northern areas and the University of the Punjab, Lahore. Sudan black, Nile red, and BODIPY staining, together with CLSM, fluorimetry, FTIR, growth in different nitrate concentrations, and GC techniques, were used to confirm and measure the lipid and diesel contents within isolated cyanobacterial filaments. Oscillatoria sp. strain CFF-6 showed a significantly higher yield (biodiesel/biomass=35.6%). Leptolyngbya sp. strain CFF-18 showed a higher yield (biodiesel/biomass=17.1%) compared to other Leptolyngbya strains. FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) analysis was also performed. Oscillatoria are better biodiesel producers in comparison to other filamentous strains.

Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.

Silumbwe, Adam

Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Global Health. Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.

Zulu, Joseph Mumba

Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.

Tetui, Moses

Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Global Health. School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, ON, Waterloo, Canada; School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, ON, Kitchener, Canada.

Bulawayo, Maio

Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.

Chewe, Mwimba

Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.

Hangoma, Peter

Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia; Chr. Michelson Institute (CMI), P.O. Box 6033, Bergen, Norway; Bergen Centre for Ethics and Priority Setting in Health (BCEPS), University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7804, Bergen, Norway.

Background: Despite several global interventions, tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of death affecting millions of people globally. Many TB patients either have no access to quality care or go undetected by national health systems. Several multilevel factors account for under-detection of persons with TB. This study sought to explore patient-related software, community and health systems software and hardware factors influencing time to notification of TB in Lusaka District, Zambia.

Methods: This was an exploratory qualitative case study that adopted a software and hardware lens of conceptualizing health systems. Data were collected from across three sites – urban and peri-urban areas: Chongwe, Kafue, and Lusaka – within Lusaka Province, Zambia. Sixteen key informants - TB corner nurses, community TB treatment supporters, and TB program managers - were interviewed. Six focus groups were held with TB patients. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results: The study identified factors influencing timely TB notification, categorized into software and hardware elements. Patient-related software elements, including TB knowledge and awareness, and health-seeking behavior, are crucial for prompt notification among TB patients. In the community health system, software elements like social stigma and undesirable community attitudes towards contact tracing, and hardware elements such as unbalanced schedules, excessive workload and limited capacity of community TB treatment supporters contribute to delayed TB notification. In the formal health system, software elements like negative attitudes of health providers towards TB patients and demotivation of TB staff, and hardware elements such as high diagnostics and transportation costs, outdated diagnostics in primary care facilities, and slow referral mechanisms, can also delay TB notification.

Conclusion: Delays in time to TB notification are influenced by a combination of software (attitudinal and behavioral) and hardware (resource-related) elements across TB patients, community health systems, community TB treatment supporters, health providers, and TB staff. Addressing these factors, particularly social stigma, negative attitudes, and resource constraints, is crucial to improving timely TB detection and treatment.

Department of Neurosciences, Neurosurgery, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden..

Basu, Julia

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Neuroradiology. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology.

Toumpanakis, Dimitrios

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Neuroradiology.

Nyberg, Johan Burwick

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Neuroradiology. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology.

Bjerner, Tomas

Linköping Univ, Dept Radiol Linköping, Linköping, Sweden.;Linköping Univ, Dept Hlth Med & Caring Sci, Linköping, Sweden.;Linköping Univ, Ctr Med Image Sci & Visualizat CMIV, Linköping, Sweden..

Rostami, Elham

Department of Neurosciences, Neurosurgery, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.Karolinska Inst, Dept Neurosci, Stockholm, Sweden..

Fällmar, David

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Neuroradiology.

This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value and clinical impact of a clinically implemented artificial neural network software model. The software detects intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) from head computed tomography (CT) scans and artificial intelligence (AI)-identified positive cases are then annotated in the work list for early radiologist evaluation. The index test was AI detection by the program Zebra Medical Vision-HealthICH+. Radiologist-confirmed ICH was the reference standard. The study compared whether time benefits from using the AI model led to faster escalation of patient care or surgery within the first 24 h. A total of 2,306 patients were evaluated by the software, and 288 AI-positive cases were included. The AI tool had a positive predictive value of 0.823. There was, however, no significant time reduction when comparing the patients who required escalation of care and those who did not. There was also no significant time reduction in those who required acute surgery compared with those who did not. Among the individual patients with reduced time delay, no cases with evident clinical benefit were identified. Although the clinically implemented AI-based decision support system showed adequate predictive value in identifying ICH, there was no significant clinical benefit for the patients in our setting. While AI-assisted detection of ICH shows great promise from a technical perspective, there remains a need to evaluate the clinical impact and perform external validation across different settings.

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC. Univ Nairobi, Dept Chem, Nairobi 3019700100, Kenya.

Wieske, Lianne H. E.

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC, Organic Chemistry.

Nchiozem-Ngnitedem, Vaderament-Alexe

Univ Nairobi, Dept Chem, Nairobi 3019700100, Kenya..

Chalo, Duncan

Univ Nairobi, Dept Biol, Nairobi 3019700100, Kenya..

Umereweneza, Daniel

Univ Rwanda, Coll Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Kigali, Rwanda..

Ndakala, Albert

Univ Nairobi, Dept Chem, Nairobi 3019700100, Kenya..

Herrebout, Wouter

Univ Antwerp, Dept Chem, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium..

Xiong, Ruisheng

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC, Organic Chemistry.

Karpinski, Tomasz M.

Poznan Univ Med Sci, Dept Med Microbiol, PL-60806 Poznan, Poland..

Yenesew, Abiy

Univ Nairobi, Dept Chem, Nairobi 3019700100, Kenya..

Erdelyi, Mate

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC, Organic Chemistry.

Three new dihydroflavonols, gloverinols A–C (1–3), a new flavon-3-ol, gloverinol D (4), two new isoflavans, gloveriflavan A (5) and B (6), and seven known compounds were isolated from the root bark of Dalbergia gloveri. The structures of the isolates were elucidated by using NMR, ECD, and HRESIMS data analyses. Among the isolated compounds, gloverinol B (2), gloveriflavan B (6), and 1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propanone (10) were the most active against Staphylococcus aureus, with MIC values of 9.2, 18.4, and 14.2 μM, respectively.

IRCCS Humanitas Res Hosp, Breast Unit, Milan, Italy.;Humanitas Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Milan, Italy..

Martorana, Federica

Univ Catania, Dept Clin & Expt Med, I-95123 Catania, Italy.;Humanitas Ist Clin Catanese, Misterbianco, Catania, Italy..

Karakatsanis, Andreas

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Endocrine Surgery. Uppsala Univ Hosp, Dept Surg, Sect Breast Surg, Uppsala, Sweden..

Caruso, Francesco

Humanitas Ist Clin Catanese, Misterbianco, Catania, Italy..

Caruso, Michele

Humanitas Ist Clin Catanese, Misterbianco, Catania, Italy..

Castiglione, Gaetano

Humanitas Ist Clin Catanese, Misterbianco, Catania, Italy..

Di Grazia, Alfio

Humanitas Ist Clin Catanese, Misterbianco, Catania, Italy..

Pane, Francesco

Humanitas Ist Clin Catanese, Misterbianco, Catania, Italy..

Rizzo, Antonio

Humanitas Ist Clin Catanese, Misterbianco, Catania, Italy..

Vigneri, Paolo

Univ Catania, Dept Clin & Expt Med, I-95123 Catania, Italy.;Humanitas Ist Clin Catanese, Misterbianco, Catania, Italy..

Tinterri, Corrado

IRCCS Humanitas Res Hosp, Breast Unit, Milan, Italy.;Humanitas Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Milan, Italy..

Catanuto, Giuseppe

Humanitas Ist Clin Catanese, Misterbianco, Catania, Italy.;Fdn ETS, GReTA Grp Reconstruct & Therapeut Advancements, Naples, Italy..

Introduction: Neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) should increase the rate of breast-conserving surgery (BCS) in nonmetastatic breast cancer (BC) patients, especially in those achieving tumor shrinkage. Still, the conversion from a pre-planned mastectomy to BCS in patients responding to NAT is not a widespread standard. We aimed to identify factors influencing surgical choices in this setting. Materials and methods: We retrospectively collected data of BC patients with complete remission of primitive tumor (ypT0) after NAT, treated with BCS or mastectomy in two Italian breast units. Predictors of mastectomy were explored using logistic regression. Distant recurrence and event-free survival were assessed in the BCS and mastectomy cohort. Results: 243 patients were included, 147 (60.5 %) treated with BCS and 96 (39.5 %) treated with mastectomy. In the mastectomy group, there were more centrally-located, multiple and larger tumors. At univariate regression analysis, central location, baseline tumor extension on ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), multiple foci and clinical stage were significantly associated with the chance of receiving mastectomy. At multivariate analysis, only baseline focality on US and extension on MRI retained significance as predictors of mastectomy. Distant recurrence and event-free survival were significantly longer in patients undergoing BCS. Conclusion: Baseline tumor extension and focality were the main predictors of mastectomy in patients with ypT0 after NAT. However, BCS did not negatively affect survival outcomes in our cohort. An effort should be made to avoid potentially unnecessary mastectomy in this population, aiming at minimizing surgery-associated toxicities and improving patients' quality of life.

Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.

Adlarson, Patrik

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Nuclear Physics.

Johansson, Tord

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Nuclear Physics.

Kupsc, Andrzej

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Nuclear Physics. Natl Ctr Nucl Res, PL-02093 Warsaw, Poland..

Schönning, Karin

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Nuclear Physics.

Thoren, V.

Wolke, Magnus

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Nuclear Physics.

Zu, J.

State Key Lab Particle Detect & Elect, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China;State Key Lab Particle Detect & Elect, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China;Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China.

The singly Cabibbo-suppressed decay Lambda(+)(c) -> Sigma(-) K+ pi(+) is observed for the first time with a statistical significance of 5.4 sigma by using 4.5 fb(-1) of e(+) e(-) collision data collected at center-of-mass energies between 4.600 and 4.699 GeV with the BESIII detector at BEPCII. The absolute branching fraction of Lambda(+)(c) -> Sigma(-) K+ pi(+) is measured to be (3.8 +/- 1.2(stat) +/- 0.2(syst)) x 10(-4) in a model-independent approach. This is the first observation of a Cabibbo-suppressed Lambda(+)(c) decay involving Sigma(-) in the final state. The ratio of branching fractions between Lambda(+)(c) -> Sigma(-) K+ pi(+) and the Cabibbo-favored decay Lambda(+)(c) -> Sigma(-) pi(+) pi(+) is observed to be (0.4 +/- 0.1)s(c)(2), where s(c) equivalent to sin theta(c) = 0.2248 with theta(c) the Cabibbo mixing angle.

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC, Biochemistry. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Chemical and Bio-Molecular Physics. Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dept Phys, I-00133 Rome, Italy.;Univ Roma Tor Vergata, INFN, I-00133 Rome, Italy..

Eliah Dawod, Ibrahim

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Chemical and Bio-Molecular Physics. European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, DE-22869 Schenefeld, Germany..

André, Tomas

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Chemical and Bio-Molecular Physics.

Cardoch, Sebastian

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Chemical and Bio-Molecular Physics.

Timneanu, Nicusor

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Chemical and Bio-Molecular Physics.

Caleman, Carl

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Chemical and Bio-Molecular Physics. Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, Ctr Free Electron Laser Sci CFEL, Notkestr 85, DE-22607 Hamburg, Germany..

- Single particle imaging using X-ray lasers is a technique aiming to capture atomic resolution structures of biomolecules in their native state. Knowing the particle's orientation during exposure is crucial for method enhancement. It has been shown that the trajectories of sulfur atoms in a Coulomb exploding lysozyme are reproducible, providing orientation information. This study explores if sulfur atom depth influences explosion trajectory. Employing a hybrid collisional-radiative/molecular dynamics model, we analyze the X-ray laser-induced dynamics of a single sulfur ion at varying depths in water. Our findings indicate that the ion spread-depth relationship depends on pulse parameters. At a photon energy of 2 keV, high-charge states are obtained, resulting in an increase of the spread with depth. However, at 8 keV photon energy, where lower charge states are obtained, the spread is essentially independent with depth. Finally, lower ion mass results in less reproducible trajectories, opening a promising route for determining protein orientation through the introduction of heavy atoms.

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Caring Sciences.

Hadziabdic, Emina

Linnaeus Univ, Dept Hlth & Caring Sci, Växjö, Sweden..

Objective

To describe who seeks care and for what reasons at a nurse-led primary healthcare walk-in center in an immigrant-dense area. Studies evaluating the use of nurse-led walk-in centers in primary healthcare, emphasizing migrants, are limited. Due to language difficulties and a healthcare system based on telephone consultations, access to care is limited/problematic for the care seeker and the healthcare provider. The center aims to provide migrants and Swedish-born persons equal access to primary healthcare. Care was integrated into a healthcare center with a multi-professional environment, offering Arabic and Somali interpreters.

Design

Cross-sectional descriptive registry study.

Sample

All consecutive patients visiting during 1-month.

Results

Most individuals (70%) seeking care at the nurse-led walk-in center were non-European migrants from Syria, Iraq and Somalia, but Swedish-born persons (30%) also consulted the clinic. Women, middle-aged, and lower-educated patients dominated. Reasons for seeking care included different kinds of pain, ear/nose/throat issues, and skin problems. Migrants prioritized non-specific pain and dizziness/headaches, while Swedes sought help primarily for upper respiratory tract infections. About 25% of the migrants needed interpreters, mostly females.

Conclusion

The nurse-led walk-in center provides accessible care in a multi-professional team, if needed, serving migrants and Swedish-born persons, promoting equal healthcare for all.

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer Immunotherapy. Univ Bergen, Ctr Canc Biomarkers CCBIO, Dept Clin Med, Bergen, Norway..

Smith, Daniel Robert

Örebro Univ, Sch Med Sci, Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Örebro, Sweden..

Valachis, Antonis

Örebro Univ, Örebro Univ Hosp, Fac Med & Hlth, Dept Oncol, Örebro, Sweden..

Woldeyesus, Hellen

Uppsala Univ Hosp, Dept Oncol, Uppsala, Sweden..

Wadsten, Charlotta

Umeå Univ, Dept Surg & Perioperat Sci Surg, Umeå, Sweden.;Sundsvall Hosp, Dept Surg, Sundsvall, Sweden..

Micke, Patrick

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer Immunotherapy.

Fredriksson, Irma

Karolinska Inst, Dept Mol Med & Surg, Stockholm, Sweden.;Karolinska Univ Hosp, Karolinska Comprehens Canc Ctr, Dept Breast Endocrine Tumors & Sarcoma, Stockholm, Sweden..

Schiza, Aglaia

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer Immunotherapy. Uppsala Univ Hosp, Dept Oncol, Uppsala, Sweden..

Background Retrospective observational studies suggest a potential role of beta-blockers as a protective strategy against progression and metastasis in invasive breast cancer. In this context, we investigated the impact of beta-blocker exposure on risk for progression to invasive breast cancer after diagnosis of ductal cancer in situ (DCIS).Methods The retrospective study population included 2535 women diagnosed with pure DCIS between 2006 and2012 in three healthcare regions in SwedenExposure to beta-blocker was quantified using a time-varying percentage of days with medication available. The absolute risk was quantified using cumulative incidence functions and cox models were applied to quantify the association between beta-blocker exposure and time from DCIS diagnosis to invasive breast cancer, accounting for delayed effects, competing risks and pre-specified confounders.Results The median follow-up was 8.7 years. One third of the patients in our cohort were exposed to beta-blockers post DCIS diagnosis. During the study period, 48 patients experienced an invasive recurrence, giving a cumulative incidence of invasive breast cancer progression of 1.8% at five years. The cumulative exposure to beta-blocker was associated with a reduced risk in a dose-dependent manner, though the effect was not statistically significant.Conclusion Our observational study is suggestive of a protective effect of beta-blockers against invasive breast cancer after primary DCIS diagnosis. These results provide rationales for experimental and clinical follow-up studies in carefully selected DCIS groups.

Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.

Adlarson, Patrik

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Nuclear Physics.

Johansson, Tord

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Nuclear Physics.

Kupsc, Andrzej

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Nuclear Physics. Natl Ctr Nucl Res, PL-02093 Warsaw, Poland..

Schönning, Karin

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Nuclear Physics.

Thoren, V.

Wolke, Magnus

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Nuclear Physics.

Zu, J.

State Key Lab Particle Detect & Elect, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China;Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China.

We present the first search for the leptonic decays D*(+) -> e(+)v(e) and D*(+) -> mu(+)v(mu) by analyzing a data sample of electron-positron collisions recorded with the BESIII detector at center-of-mass energies between 4.178 and 4.226 GeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 6.32 fb(-1). No significant signal is observed. The upper limits on the branching fractions for D*(+) -> e(+)v(e) and D*(+) -> mu(+)v(mu) are set to be 1.1 x 10(-5) and 4.3 x 10(-6) at 90% confidence level, respectively.

Södertörn University, School of Culture and Education, Aesthetics.

Adlarson, Patrik

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Nuclear Physics.

Johansson, Tord

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Nuclear Physics.

Kupsc, Andrzej

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Nuclear Physics. Natl Ctr Nucl Res, PL-02093 Warsaw, Poland..

Schönning, Karin

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Nuclear Physics.

Thoren, V.

Uppsala Univ, Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden.

Wolke, Magnus

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Nuclear Physics.

Zu, J.

State Key Lab Particle Detect & Elect, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.

We perform a study of the chi(c1)(3872) line shape using the data samples of e(+)e(-) -> gamma chi(c1)(3872), chi(c1)(3872) -> D-0(D) over bar (0)pi(0), and pi(+)pi(-) J/psi collected with the BESIII detector. The effects of the coupled channels and the off-shell D*(0) are included in the parametrization of the line shape. The line shape mass parameter is obtained to be M-X = (3871.63 +/- 0.13(-0.05)(+0.06)) MeV. Two poles are found on the first and second Riemann sheets corresponding to the D*(0)(D) over bar (0) branch cut. The pole location on the first sheet is much closer to the D*(0)(D) over bar (0) threshold than the other, and is determined to be 7.04 +/- 0.15(-0.08)(+0.07) MeV above the D-0(D) over bar (0)pi(0) threshold with an imaginary part -0.19 +/- 0.08(-0.19)(+0.14) MeV.

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Mathematics, Dynamical Systems and Number Theory. Univ Geneva, Dept Math, Case Postale 64, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland..

This text reviews certain notions in metric geometry that may have further applications to problems in complex geometry and holomorphic dynamics in several variables. The discussion contains a few new results and formulates a number of questions related to the asymptotic geometry and boundary estimates of bounded complex domains, boundary extensions of biholomorphisms, the dynamics of holomorphic self-maps, Teichmuller theory, and the existence of constant scalar curvature metrics on compact K & auml;hler manifolds.

Department of Protein Science, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.

Ul Mushtaq, Ameeq

Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry.

Nagy, Tamás Milán

Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry.

von Witting, Emma

Department of Protein Science, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.

Löfblom, John

Department of Protein Science, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.

Nam, Kwangho

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, TX, Arlington, United States.

Wolf-Watz, Magnus

Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry.

Hober, Sophia

Department of Protein Science, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.

Designing proteins with tunable activities from easily accessible external cues remains a biotechnological challenge. Here, we set out to create a small antibody-binding domain equipped with a molecular switch inspired by the allosteric response to calcium seen in naturally derived proteins like calmodulin. We have focused on one of the three domains of Protein G that show inherent affinity to antibodies. By combining a semi-rational protein design with directed evolution, we engineered novel variants containing a calcium-binding loop rendering the inherent antibody affinity calcium-dependent. The evolved variants resulted from a designed selection strategy subjecting them to negative and positive selection pressures focused on conditional antibody binding. Hence, these variants contains molecular "on/off" switches, controlling the target affinity towards antibody fragments simply by the presence or absence of calcium. From NMR spectroscopy we found that the molecular mechanism underlying the evolved switching behavior was a coupled calcium-binding and folding event where the target binding surface was intact and functional only in the presence of bound calcium. Notably, it was observed that the response to the employed selection pressures gave rise to the evolution of a cooperative folding mechanism. This observation illustrates why the cooperative folding reaction is an effective solution seen repeatedly in the natural evolution of fine-tuned macromolecular recognition. Engineering binding moieties to confer conditional target interaction has great potential due to the exquisite interaction control that is tunable to application requirements. Improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind regulated interactions is crucial to unlock how to engineer switchable proteins useful in a variety of biotechnological applications.

University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of industrial automation.

Khan, Abdul Khaliq

Manitoba Institute for Materials, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (CAN).

Andersson, Joel

University West, Department of Engineering Science, Division of mechanical engineering.

Ojo, Olanrewaju

Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (CAN).

The fusion zone microstructures in K-TIG-welded and post-weld solution heat-treated new superalloy VDM Alloy 780 were examined. In addition, the kinetics of the base metal grain growth during solution heat treatments were analyzed. (S)TEM analyses show that major interdendritic microconstituents formed in the fusion zone due to elemental microsegregation are MC carbides and coarse irregularly shaped Laves phase. Additionally, minor secondary interdendritic phases are found to include γ′, γ″, and tiny plate-like Laves particles. To prevent any potential deterioration of mechanical properties caused by the irregular Laves phase, post-weld solution heat treatments (PWSHTs) at 954 °C to 1060 °C/1 hours were performed to remove the Laves phase. PWSHT at 954 °C only partially eliminates the Laves particles while forming an abundance of interdendritic δ/η phase. Laves phase is dissolved entirely without forming δ/η platelets after PWSHT at 1060 °C. It is proven that Laves eutectics in VDM Alloy 780’s fusion zone can be eliminated through PWSHT without significantly coarsening the base metal’s grain size in comparison to Alloy 718 as a result of substantial grain growth inhibition likely caused by solute segregation at grain boundaries.

Halmstad University, Sweden.

Nowaczyk, Sławomir

Halmstad University, Sweden.

Wang, Zhenkan

Volvo Group, Sweden.

Pashami, Sepideh

RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Digital Systems, Data Science.

Accurate energy consumption prediction is crucial for optimising the operation of electric commercial heavy-duty vehicles, particularly for efficient route planning, refining charging strategies, and ensuring optimal truck configuration for specific tasks. This study investigates the application of multi-task curriculum learning to enhance machine learning models for forecasting the energy consumption of various onboard systems in electric vehicles. Multi-task learning, unlike traditional training approaches, leverages auxiliary tasks to provide additional training signals, which has been shown to enhance predictive performance in many domains. By further incorporating curriculum learning, where simpler tasks are learned before progressing to more complex ones, neural network training becomes more efficient and effective. We evaluate the suitability of these methodologies in the context of electric vehicle energy forecasting, examining whether the combination of multi-task learning and curriculum learning enhances algorithm generalisation, even with limited training data. We primarily focus on understanding the efficacy of different curriculum learning strategies, including sequential learning and progressive continual learning, using complex, real-world industrial data. Our research further explores a set of auxiliary tasks designed to facilitate the learning process by targeting key consumption characteristics projected into future time frames. The findings illustrate the potential of multi-task curriculum learning to advance energy consumption forecasting, significantly contributing to the optimisation of electric heavy-duty vehicle operations. This work offers a novel perspective on integrating advanced machine learning techniques to enhance energy efficiency in the exciting field of electromobility.

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Neurophysiology.

Briggs, Caitlin M.

Dianthus Therapeut, New York, NY USA..

Gokhale, Sankalp

Dianthus Therapeut, New York, NY USA..

Rostedt Punga, Anna

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Neurophysiology.

Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is an autoimmune neuromuscular disorder where acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibodies induce membrane attack complex formation at the muscle membrane. The C1-inhibitor (C1-INH) regulates the classical pathway and is a promising marker in other autoimmune disorders. Treatment options for AChR antibody MG include complement inhibitors; nevertheless, the early pathway activation in MG remains unclear. Serum and plasma C1s-C1-INH levels were higher in MG patients than in matched healthy controls, supporting early classical pathway activation in most MG patients. These findings allow prospective validation studies of activated C1s as a putative treatment target and potential accompanying biomarker in MG.

Karolinska Univ Hosp, Karolinska Inst, Dept Oncol Pathol, S-17176 Stockholm, Sweden..

Micoli, Chiara

Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, Stockholm, Sweden..

Delahunt, Brett

Karolinska Univ Hosp, Karolinska Inst, Dept Oncol Pathol, S-17176 Stockholm, Sweden.;Malaghan Inst Med Res, Wellington, New Zealand..

Samaratunga, Hemamali

Aquesta Uropathol, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.;Univ Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..

Wilberg Orrason, Andri

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Urology.

Garmo, Hans

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Urology. Uppsala Univ Hosp, Reg Canc Ctr Midsweden, Uppsala, Sweden.

Stattin, Pär

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Urology.

Eklund, Martin

Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, Stockholm, Sweden..

A 5-tier grouping of Gleason scores has recently been proposed. Studies have indicated prognostic heterogeneity within these groups. We assessed prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM) and all-cause mortality (ACM) for men diagnosed with Gleason score 3 + 5 = 8, 4 + 4 = 8 and 5 + 3 = 8 acinar adenocarcinoma on needle biopsy in a population-based national cohort. The Prostate Cancer data Base Sweden 5.0 was used for survival analysis with PCSM and ACM at 5 and 10years as endpoints. Multivariable Cox regression models controlling for socioeconomic factors, stage and primary treatment type were used for PCSM and ACM. Among 199,620 men reported with prostate cancer in 2000–2020, 172,112 were diagnosed on needle biopsy. In 18,281 (11%), there was a Gleason score of 8 in needle biopsies, including a Gleason score of 3 + 5, 4 + 4 and 5 + 3 in 11%, 86% and 2.3%, respectively. The primary treatment was androgen deprivation therapy (55%), deferred treatment (8%), radical prostatectomy (16%) or radical radiotherapy (21%). PCSM in men with Gleason scores of 3 + 5, 4 + 4 and 5 + 3 at 5years of follow-up was 0.10 (95% CI 0.09–0.12), 0.22 (0.22–0.23) and 0.32 (0.27–0.36), respectively, and at 10years 0.19 (0.17–0.22), 0.34 (0.33–0.35) and 0.44 (0.39–0.49), respectively. There was a significantly higher PCSM after 5 and 10years in men with Gleason score 5 + 3 cancers than in those with 4 + 4 and in Gleason score 4 + 4 cancers than in those with 3 + 5. Grouping of Gleason scores will eliminate the prognostic granularity of Gleason scoring, thus diminishing the prognostic significance of this proposed grading system.

Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB). Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå Centre for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI). Umeå University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology. Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Health, Education and Technology, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden.

Laukka, Erika J.

Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden.

Lövdén, Martin

Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.

Karolinska Inst, Dept Clin Neurosci, Div Insurance Med, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden..

Mittendorfer-Rutz, Ellenor

Karolinska Inst, Dept Clin Neurosci, Div Insurance Med, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden..

Bjorkenstam, Emma

Karolinska Inst, Dept Clin Neurosci, Div Insurance Med, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden..

Rahman, Syed

Karolinska Inst, Dept Clin Neurosci, Div Insurance Med, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden..

Gustafsson, Klas

Karolinska Inst, Dept Clin Neurosci, Div Insurance Med, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden..

Kjeldgard, Linnea

Karolinska Inst, Dept Clin Neurosci, Div Insurance Med, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden..

Ekselius, Lisa

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Psychiatry.

Taipale, Heidi

Karolinska Inst, Dept Clin Neurosci, Div Insurance Med, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden.;Niuvanniemi Hosp, Kuopio, Finland.;Univ Eastern Finland, Sch Pharm, Kuopio, Finland..

Tanskanen, Antti

Karolinska Inst, Dept Clin Neurosci, Div Insurance Med, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden.;Niuvanniemi Hosp, Kuopio, Finland..

Helgesson, Magnus

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Health equity and working life. Karolinska Inst, Dept Clin Neurosci, Div Insurance Med, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden..

The aims were to investigate patterns of labour market integration following an adult diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its relation to sociodemographic factors and comorbid disorders.MethodsMultiple Swedish nationwide registers were used to identify 8045 individuals, aged 20-29, with an incident diagnosis of ADHD 2006-2011. Labour market integration was conceptualized according to the core-peripheral model as a continuum from a strong (core) to a weak (peripheral) connection to the labour market. Sequence analyses categorized clusters of labour market integration, from 1 year before to 5 years after their ADHD diagnosis for individuals diagnosed with ADHD and a matched control group without ADHD. Multinomial logistic regression computed odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between sociodemographic factors and comorbid disorders and the identified clusters. ResultsAbout one-fourth of the young adults diagnosed with ADHD belonged to clusters characterized by a transition to a mainly peripheral labour market position, which was approximately four-times higher compared to controls without ADHD. Foremost, those living in small cities/villages (OR 1.9; CI 1.5-2.2), those having comorbid autism-spectrum disorder (OR 13.7; CI 6.8-27.5) or schizophrenia/psychoses (OR 7.8; CI 3.8-15.9) were associated with a transition towards a peripheral labour market position throughout the study period. Those with a high educational level (OR 0.1; CI 0.1-0.1), and men (OR 0.7; CI 0.6-0.8) were less likely to have a peripheral labour market position. ConclusionsYoung adults diagnosed with ADHD are four-times more likely to be in the peripheral labour market position compared to those without ADHD. To increase labour market participation, special attention is warranted to those with low educational level, those living outside big cities and those with comorbid mental disorders.

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Perinatal, Neonatal and Pediatric Cardiology Research.

Ohlin, Andreas

Örebro University, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Department of Paediatrics, Örebro, Sweden.

Wikström, Sverre

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Pediatric oncological and neurological research. Örebro Univ, Fac Med & Hlth, Dept Paediat, Örebro, Sweden..

Odlind, Andreas

Falun Cent Hosp, Div Paediat, Falun, Sweden..

Olson, Linus

Karolinska Inst, Dept Womens & Childrens Hlth, Stockholm, Sweden..

Hellström-Westas, Lena

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Perinatal, Neonatal and Pediatric Cardiology Research.

Ågren, Johan

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Perinatal, Neonatal and Pediatric Cardiology Research.

Aim: Swedish guidelines for therapeutic hypothermia (TH) after perinatal asphyxia were established in 2007, following several randomised studies that demonstrated improved outcomes. We assessed the implementation of hypothermia treatment in a mid-Swedish region with a sizeable proportion of outborn infants.

Method: A population-based TH cohort from 2007 to 2015 was scrutinised for adherence to national guidelines, interhospital transport, including the use of a cooling mattress made of phase change material for thermal management, and outcomes.

Results: Of 136 admitted infants, 99 (73 %) were born outside the hospital. Ninety-eight percent fulfilled the criteria for postnatal depression/acidosis, and all patients had moderate-to-severe encephalopathy. Treatment was initiated within 6 h in 85 % of patients; amplitude-integrated electroencephalography/electroencephalography was recorded in 98 %, cranial ultrasound in 78 %, brain magnetic resonance imaging in 79 %, hearing tests in all, and follow-up was performed in 93 %. Although target body temperature was attained later ( p < 0.01) in outborn than in inborn infants, at a mean (standard deviations) age of 6.2 (3.2) h vs 4.4 (2.6) h, 40 % of those transported using the cooling mattress were already within the therapeutic temperature range on arrival, and few were excessively cooled. The mortality rate was 23 %, and 38 % of the survivors had neurodevelopmental impairment at a median of 2.5 years.

Conclusion: The regionalisation of TH, including interhospital transport, was feasible and resulted in outcomes comparable to those of randomised controlled studies.

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Arts, Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, Archaeology. Stockholm Univ, Dept Human Geog, Stockholm, Sweden..

Sala, Giovanna

Univ Palermo, Dept Agr Food & Forestry Sci, Palermo, Italy..

La Mantia, Tommaso

Univ Palermo, Dept Agr Food & Forestry Sci, Palermo, Italy..

Intercropping landscapes characterised by the presence of certain plant features are usually considered traditional landscapes, important for their biocultural heritage. In recent decades, olive agroforestry systems previously widespread throughout Sicily have transitioned to monocultures alongside the disappearance of other tree species. To analyse the dynamics of land use, we combine mathematical representations and oral narratives of spatial change, focussing our case study on a rural area of inner Sicily, Cozzo del Lampo, characterised by a high presence of century-old olive trees. By using local geonarratives in combination with the results of change detection analysis using historical aerial images spanning 50 years (1955 - 2005), we gain insights into the relationality of people and places over time, highlighting how biocultural heritage is correlated to both local culture and ecology, and demonstrating the value of ecological perspectives to understand past and current human actions. The active engagement of the local population in the interpretation of their own (past-present) practices is key to access new ecological knowledge.

Dalarna University, School of Health and Welfare, Care Sciences. Dalarna University, School of Health and Welfare, Social Work.

McKee, Kevin

Dalarna University, School of Health and Welfare, Social Work.

Dahlberg, Lena

Dalarna University, School of Health and Welfare, Social Work. Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm University, Solna.

Williams, Christine L

Christine E Lynn College of Nursing, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, USA, US.

Marmstål Hammar, Lena

School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Västerås.

Informal caregivers play a crucial role in the care of individuals with dementia, and their caregiving may significantly impact their own health and well-being. This cross-sectional survey study focuses on the perceived importance of various types and characteristics of formal support in a convenience sample of caregivers aged 65 years or older (N = 175) caring for a spouse with dementia. Participants completed a questionnaire containing 17 items describing different types of support and 12 items describing different characteristics of support, rating their importance. The questionnaire also contained questions on various caregiving-related factors. Principle components analysis (PCA) was carried out on the importance ratings, separately, on the types of support items and the characteristics of support items. Each PCA produced three components. For types of support, they were Proficiency and Opportunity, Supportive Structures, Flexible Counselling. For characteristics of support, they included Respectful and Competent, Timely Support, and Accessible and Acceptable. The three characteristics of the support components all had higher mean importance ratings than the three types of support components. The content of some components indicated that while spouse caregivers rate support for their caregiving needs as important, they may not always differentiate their own needs from those of their partner with dementia. The negative impact of caregiving was the factor most strongly and consistently associated with the components' importance ratings. This study emphasizes the need for health and social care providers to address the unique needs of spouse caregivers while simultaneously ensuring the delivery of quality care for individuals with dementia.

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Upper Abdominal Surgery.

Mcgregor, Richard J.

Univ Edinburgh, Royal Infirm Edinburgh, Clin Surg, Edinburgh, Scotland..

Lindblad, Mats

Karolinska Inst, Dept Clin Sci Intervent & Technol, Stockholm, Sweden..

Background: The surgeon's intraoperative assessment of the curative potential of tumor resection following gastrectomy adds new information that could help clinicians and patients by predicting survival.

Methods: All patients in Sweden undergoing gastric cancer resection between 2006 and 2018 were grouped according to a prospectively registered variable; the surgeon's intraoperative assessment of the curative potential of surgery: curative, borderline curative, or palliative. Factors affecting group allocation were analyzed with multivariable logistic regression, while survival was analyzed using multivariable Cox regression and the Kaplan-Meier method. Positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated.

Results: Of 2341 patients undergoing gastric cancer resection, 1547 (71%) were deemed curative, 340 (15%) borderline curative, and 314 (14%) palliative (140 missing assessments). Advanced stage increased the risk of borderline curative resection (Stage III, odds ratio (OR) = 6.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.92-9.31), as did emergency surgery OR = 3.31 (1.74-6.31) and blood loss >500 mL; OR = 1.63 (1.06-2.49). Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and multidisciplinary team (MDT) discussion both decreased the risk of borderline curative resection, OR = 0.58 (0.39-0.87) and 0.57 (0.40-0.80), respectively. In multivariable Cox regression, the surgeon's assessment independently predicted worse survival for borderline curative (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.29-1.83) and palliative resections (HR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.45-2.19), compared to curative resections. The sensitivity of the surgeon's assessment of long-term survival was 96.7%. The PPV was 50.7% and the NPV was 92.1%.

Conclusion: The surgeon's intraoperative assessment of the curative potential of gastric cancer surgery may independently aid survival prediction and is analogous to prognostication by pathologic Staging. Advanced disease, emergency surgery, and a high intraoperative blood loss, increases the risk of a borderline curative or palliative resection. Conversely, neoadjuvant treatment and MDT discussion reduce the risk of borderline curative or palliative resection.

Northeast Agr Univ, Coll Food Sci, Harbin 150030, Peoples R China..

Zhang, Zhaonan

Northeast Agr Univ, Coll Food Sci, Harbin 150030, Peoples R China..

Shen, Ao

Northeast Agr Univ, Coll Food Sci, Harbin 150030, Peoples R China..

Zhang, Tianyi

Northeast Agr Univ, Coll Food Sci, Harbin 150030, Peoples R China..

Jiang, Lianzhou

Northeast Agr Univ, Coll Food Sci, Harbin 150030, Peoples R China..

El-Seedi, Hesham

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences.

Zhang, Guohua

Shanxi Univ, Coll Life Sci, Taiyuan 030006, Peoples R China..

Sui, Xiaonan

Northeast Agr Univ, Coll Food Sci, Harbin 150030, Peoples R China..

Since animal proteins may pose a threat to the global environment and human health, the development of alternative proteins has become an inevitable trend in the future. Legumes are considered to be one of the most promising sources of sustainable alternative animal proteins. Legume proteins are considered to exhibit excellent processing properties, including emulsification, gelation, and foaming, which have led to their widespread use in the food industry. Moreover, legume proteins are not only taken as substitutes for meat proteins, they also play an essential role in novel plant-based foods (meat, dairy, fermented food, and fat). However, there are few comprehensive overview studies on the application of legume proteins in plant-based foods. Therefore, this review provides a general overview of the main sources, functional properties, and applications in plant-based foods of legume proteins. In addition, challenges to the application of legume proteins in plant-based foods and specific strategies to address these challenges are presented. The review may provide some references for the further application of legume proteins in novel plant-based foods.

Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of computer science and media technology (CM).

Santini, Stefania

University of Naples Federico II, Italy.

Edrisi, Farid

Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of computer science and media technology (CM).

Flammini, Francesco

Mälardalen University, Sweden.

In recent years, intelligent fault diagnosis based on domain adaptation has been used to address domain shifts in cyber–physical systems; however, the need for acquiring target data sufficiently limits their applicability to unseen working conditions. To overcome such limitations, domain generalization techniques have been introduced to enhance the capacity of fault diagnostic models to operate under unseen working conditions. Nevertheless, existing approaches assume access to extensive labeled training data from various source domains, posing challenges in real-world engineering scenarios due to resource constraints. Moreover, the absence of a mechanism for updating diagnostic models over time calls for the exploration of self-adaptive generalized diagnosis models that are capable of autonomous reconfiguration in response to new unseen working conditions. In such a context, this paper proposes a self-adaptive fault diagnosis system that combines several paradigms, namely Monitor-Analyze-Plan-Execute over a shared Knowledge (MAPE-K), Domain Generalization Network Models (DGNMs), and Digital Twins (DT). The MAPE-K loop enables run-time adaptation to dynamic industrial environments without human intervention. To address the scarcity of labeled training data, digital twins are used to generate supplementary data and continuously tune parameters to reflect the dynamics of new unseen working conditions. DGNM incorporates adversarial learning and a domain-based discrepancy metric to enhance feature diversity and generalization. The introduction of multi-domain data augmentation enhances feature diversity and facilitates learning correlations among multiple domains, ultimately improving the generalization of feature representations. The proposed fault diagnosis system has been evaluated on three publicly available rotating machinery datasets to demonstrate its higher performance in cross-work operation and cross-machine tasks compared to other state-of-the-art methods.

Karolinska Inst, Dept Oncol Pathol, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden..

Liang, Ying Yu

Karolinska Inst, Dept Oncol Pathol, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden.;ASTAR, Inst Mol & Cell Biol, Singapore 138673, Singapore..

Surova, Olga

Karolinska Inst, Dept Oncol Pathol, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden..

Bacanu, Smaranda

Karolinska Inst, Dept Oncol Pathol, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden..

Gerault, Marc-Antoine

Karolinska Inst, Dept Oncol Pathol, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden..

Mandal, Tamoghna

Karolinska Inst, Dept Oncol Pathol, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden..

Ceder, Sophia

Karolinska Inst, Dept Oncol Pathol, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden..

Langebäck, Anette

Karolinska Inst, Dept Oncol Pathol, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden..

Österroos, Albin

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Haematology.

Ward, George A.

Astex Pharmaceut, 436 Cambridge Sci Pk, Cambridge CB4 0QA, England..

Bergh, Jonas

Karolinska Inst, Dept Oncol Pathol, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden..

Wiman, Klas G.

Karolinska Inst, Dept Oncol Pathol, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden..

Lehmann, Sören

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Haematology. Karolinska Inst, Dept Med, S-14157 Huddinge, Sweden.

Prabhu, Nayana

ASTAR, Inst Mol & Cell Biol, Singapore 138673, Singapore..

Lööf, Sara

Karolinska Inst, Dept Oncol Pathol, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden..

Nordlund, Pär

Karolinska Inst, Dept Oncol Pathol, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden.;ASTAR, Inst Mol & Cell Biol, Singapore 138673, Singapore..

Cellular phenotypes of apoptosis, as well as the activation of apoptosis caspase cascades, are well described. However, sequences and locations of early biochemical effector events after apoptosis initiation are still only partly understood. Here, we use integrated modulation of protein interaction states-cellular thermal shift assay (IMPRINTS-CETSA) to dissect the cellular biochemistry of early stages of apoptosis at the systems level. Using 5 families of cancer drugs and a new CETSA-based method to monitor the cleavage of caspase targets, we discover the initial biochemistry of the effector stage of apoptosis for all the studied drugs being focused on the peripheral nuclear region rather than the cytosol. Despite very different candidate apoptosis-inducing mechanisms of the drug families, as revealed by the CETSA data, they converge into related biochemical modulations in the peripheral nuclear region. This implies a higher control of the localization of the caspase cascades than previously anticipated and highlights the nuclear periphery as a critical vulnerability for cancer therapies.

Södertörn University, School of Culture and Education, Aesthetics.

Hangzhou Med Coll, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Stat, 481 Binwen Rd, Hangzhou 310053, Peoples R China..

Dai, Ruoqi

Hangzhou Med Coll, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Stat, 481 Binwen Rd, Hangzhou 310053, Peoples R China..

Qian, Jing

Hangzhou Med Coll, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Stat, 481 Binwen Rd, Hangzhou 310053, Peoples R China..

Zhang, Hui

Hangzhou Med Coll, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Stat, 481 Binwen Rd, Hangzhou 310053, Peoples R China..

Miao, Jingyou

Hangzhou Med Coll, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Stat, 481 Binwen Rd, Hangzhou 310053, Peoples R China..

Wang, Jing

Hangzhou Med Coll, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Stat, 481 Binwen Rd, Hangzhou 310053, Peoples R China..

Tan, Xiao

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Lung- allergy- and sleep research. Zhejiang Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Big Data Hlth Sci, Hangzhou, Peoples R China; Zhejiang Univ, Sir Run Run Shaw Hosp, Sch Med, Hangzhou, Peoples R China.

Li, Yingjun

Hangzhou Med Coll, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Stat, 481 Binwen Rd, Hangzhou 310053, Peoples R China..

Background

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major health concern for middle-aged and older adults, with lifestyle and metabolic risk factors well-studied. However, the role of psychosocial factors in CVD remains underexplored.

Objective

This study aims to delve into the connection between psychosocial factors and the occurrence of CVD.

Methods

We utilized data from the UK Biobank, a large-scale study covering adults aged 38 to 73 recruited from various centers across the UK between 2006 and 2010. We employed Cox proportional hazards models to analyze the relationship between social isolation, loneliness, and incident CVD. CVD diagnoses were confirmed through hospital records and death-register data. Additionally, we conducted mediation analyses to assess the impact of low-grade inflammation.

Results

The study encompassed 427,942 participants free from CVD, 55.8% of whom are women. High levels of social isolation and loneliness were linked to a higher risk of CVD (HRs 1.11, 95% CI 1.06–1.16; HRs 1.17, 95% CI 1.11–1.23). Depression also emerged as a predictor of CVD onset (HRs 1.25, 95% CI 1.19–1.31), with each psychosocial factor independently contributing to increased CVD risk. Mediation analyses pinpointed inflammation as a crucial mediator, especially for loneliness (indirect effect proportion: 4.7%).

Conclusions

This study underscores the significance of psychosocial factors in relation to CVD. Integrating assessments for social isolation, loneliness, and depression into routine healthcare could potentially aid in CVD prevention among middle-aged and elderly individuals.

Lay summary

This study underscores the significance of psychosocial factors in relation to CVD, emphasizing the association between social isolation or loneliness and the heightened risk of CVD.

Stockholm University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Education.

In this position paper, I address what I call the “returner problem”, i. e., the problem that participants in teaching and learning courses have when they return to their departments and are unable to make changes in their teaching practices. The returner problem is thus conceptualized as a sustainability problem, since a large part of educational development activities in universities tend to focus on courses and workshops – activities that risk not leading to the educational improvements they are intended to provide. I explain how I conceptualize pedagogical leadership and explore the reasons why pedagogical leadership is necessary to come to terms with the returner problem. From a teaching and learning regime perspective, I discuss how pedagogical leadership could help departmental heads and programme and course directors address the returner problem by offering a sustainable approach for universities in their efforts to improve quality in education.

Södertörn University, School of Culture and Education, Aesthetics.

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy. Recipharm OT Chemistry.

Combination drug therapy offers substantial clinical benefits by enhancing treatment efficacy and improving patient compliance. However, it presents complex challenges from a dosage form development perspective, particularly for drugs with low water solubility. To enhance solubility and bioavailability, amorphous formulations are an attractive formulation strategy. This thesis aimed to optimize and implement a rational design approach for amorphous multidrug formulations with a robust and predictable performance after oral administration. This was achieved by investigating the influence of drugs, formulation excipients, and biorelevant intestinal media on solution chemistry, colloidal precipitate stability, and membrane transport of drug combinations.

Dissolution, solubility, and supersaturation of drug combinations were investigated in buffer and fasted state simulated intestinal fluids (FaSSIF). The solution behavior of the drugs was the same for structurally related compounds, highlighting the impact of their molecular properties and chemical diversity on the solubility profiles. A reduction in the maximum achievable concentration of drugs in combination was observed in buffer and FaSSIF, but the extent of reduction in FaSSIF was affected by the degree of solubilization by media components. Membrane transport studies demonstrated that drug transport across membranes is dominated by the degree of supersaturation, rather than solubilization. The colloidal particles formed as a result of liquid-liquid phase separation underwent uncontrolled coarsening. Polymers, in comparison to surfactants and small molecules, were more effective in controlling the particle size of this colloidal phase.

The mechanistic studies on multidrug combinations led to the development of a novel approach for preparing amorphous formulations using spray drying. The developed formulation successfully maintained drug supersaturation and ensured controlled colloidal particle size upon dissolution.

The undertaken scientific efforts contribute to the knowledge in the evolving field of amorphous multidrug formulations. These findings highlight the potential of particle engineering, where a mechanistically informed selection of excipients is combined with an appropriate spray drying process, to achieve stable amorphous multidrug formulations—critical for ensuring robust drug performance and enabling intestinal absorption.

Södertörn University, School of Culture and Education, Philosophy.

Södertörn University, School of Culture and Education, Philosophy.

Univ Michigan, Dept Math, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA..

Liu, Yiyang

Univ Michigan, Dept Math, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA..

Zimmerling, Jörn

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Division of Scientific Computing. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Numerical Analysis.

The inverse wave scattering problem seeks to estimate a heterogeneous, inaccessible medium, modeled by unknown variable coefficients in wave equations, from transient recordings of waves generated by probing signals. It is a widely studied inverse problem with important applications, that is usually formulated as a nonlinear least squares data fit optimization. For typical measurement setups and band-limited probing signals, the least squares objective function has spurious local minima far and near the true solution, so Newton-type optimization methods fail to obtain satisfactory answers. We introduce a different approach, for electromagnetic inverse wave scattering in lossless, anisotropic media. It is an extension of recently developed data driven reduced order modeling methods for the acoustic wave equation in isotropic media. Our reduced order model (ROM) is an algebraic, discrete time dynamical system derived from Maxwell's equations. It has four important properties: (1) It can be computed in a data driven way, without knowledge of the medium. (2) The data to ROM mapping is nonlinear and yet the ROM can be obtained in a non-iterative fashion, using numerical linear algebra methods. (3) The ROM has a special algebraic structure that captures the causal propagation of the wave field in the unknown medium. (4) It is an interpolation ROM i.e., it fits the data on a uniform time grid. We show how to obtain from the ROM an estimate of the wave field at inaccessible points inside the unknown medium. The use of this wave is twofold: First, it defines a computationally inexpensive imaging function designed to estimate the support of reflective structures in the medium, modeled by jump discontinuities of the matrix valued dielectric permittivity. Second, it gives an objective function for quantitative estimation of the dielectric permittivity, that has better behavior than the least squares data fitting objective function. The methodology introduced in this paper applies to Maxwell's equations in three dimensions. To avoid high computational costs, we limit the study to a cylindrical domain filled with an orthotropic medium, so the problem becomes two dimensional.

Sweco, Sweden.

Ferlander, Sara

Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Health and Welfare.

Jukkala, Tanya

Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Health and Welfare.

Public spaces are often failing girls and women, with male dominance and a lack of representation being prevalent issues. The 2030 Agenda emphasises the need for safe and accessible public spaces for women, children and other disadvantaged or marginalised groups. Nevertheless, women and girls tend to be neglected in the development of urban areas, and their specific needs and risks are not fully considered. Hence, there is a need for feminist urban planning. Feminist planning aims to understand, challenge, and change power relations in public spaces, by involving the experiences, needs, and desires of marginalised groups in the planning process in order to create more equal cities. This approach recognises the individual and collective power that women and other disadvantaged groups already possess. Social innovation is an innovative practice for meeting social needs and shares a common goal with feminist planning of promoting social change and increasing power for disadvantaged groups. However, whereas feminist urban planning – and urban planning in general – tend to end when a project has been planned and executed, social innovation has a stronger and more explicit focus on results or impact of the process or project. This is an aspect where feminist planning can learn from social innovation.By addressing the specific needs of marginalised groups and focusing on results and actual change, feminist planning can contribute to positive social change and empower women and girls in urban development processes. This viewpoint argues that feminist planning can learn from the focus of social innovation on results (i.e. output, outcome and impact of the planning), which has the potential to change planning practices and challenge gendered social norms in order to create more equal, just and socially sustainable public spaces and cities.

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Arts, Department of Literature and Rhetoric.

Rüegg, Jana

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Arts, Department of Literature and Rhetoric, Sociology of Literature.

Under 2020-talet har intresset för heminredning och digitala vardagslivsskildringar vuxit sig allt starkare i forum som Instagram och på bokmarknaden. Detta syns inte minst i vågen av coffee table-böcker som givits ut av svenska bloggare och influerare, där inredning, mat-lagning och familjeliv står i centrum. Personer som Elsa Billgren, Sofia Wood, Sofi Fahrman och Clara Lidström har under de senaste åren publicerat en rad tryckta böcker i genren, samtidigt som de har en stark digital närvaro i sociala medier och bloggar.

I detta kapitel jämför vi samtida exempel på influerarböcker med sekelskiftets ideal och studerar hur dessa kvinnligt kodade ämnen kommer till uttryck under 2020-talet. Vi un-dersöker hur några svenska influerare presenterar tankar om estetik, hemliv, familj och hälsa. Vi kopplar skapandet av hemmet till processen att skapa en kvinnlig identitet, som vi kallar ”att kvinna sig”.

Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Computational Biology and Bioinformatics. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.

Ekström, Mattias

Danderyd Hosp, Karolinska Inst, Dept Clin Sci, S-18288 Stockholm, Sweden.;Danderyd Hosp, Dept Cardiol, S-18288 Stockholm, Sweden..

Eriksson, Maria J.

Karolinska Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Physiol, SE-14186 Stockholm, Sweden.;Karolinska Inst, Dept Mol Med & Surg, Stockholm, Sweden..

Corbascio, Matthias

Karolinska Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Physiol, SE-14186 Stockholm, Sweden.;Karolinska Univ Hosp, Dept Thorac Surg, S-17176 Stockholm, Sweden..

Hage, Camilla

Karolinska Inst, Inst Environm Med, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.;Karolinska Univ Hosp, Heart & Vasc Theme, S-17176 Stockholm, Sweden..

Persson, Hans

Danderyd Hosp, Karolinska Inst, Dept Clin Sci, S-18288 Stockholm, Sweden.;Danderyd Hosp, Dept Cardiol, S-18288 Stockholm, Sweden..

Linde, Cecilia

Karolinska Inst, Inst Environm Med, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.;Karolinska Univ Hosp, Heart & Vasc Theme, S-17176 Stockholm, Sweden..

Persson, Bengt

Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Computational Biology and Bioinformatics.

Background

Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) surrounds the heart and is hypothesised to play a role in the development of heart failure (HF). In this study, we first investigated the differences in gene expression between epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery (n = 21; 95% male). Secondly, we examined the association between EAT and SAT in patients at risk for HF stage A (n = 12) and in pre-HF patients, who show signs but not symptoms of HF, stage B (n = 9).

Results

The study confirmed a distinct separation between EAT and SAT. In EAT 17 clusters of genes were present, of which several novel gene modules are associated with characteristics of HF. Notably, seven gene modules showed significant correlation to measures of HF, such as end diastolic left ventricular posterior wall thickness, e’_mean, deceleration time and BMI. One module was particularly distinct in EAT when compared to SAT, featuring key genes such as FLT4, SEMA3A, and PTX3, which are implicated in angiogenesis, inflammation regulation, and tissue repair, suggesting a unique role in EAT linked to left ventricular dysfunction. Genetic expression was compared in EAT across all pre-HF and normal phenotypes, revealing small genetic changes in the form of 18 differentially expressed genes in ACC/AHA Stage A vs. Stage B.

Conclusions

The roles of subcutaneous and epicardial fat are clearly different. We highlight the gene expression difference in search of potential modifiers of HF progress. The true implications of our findings should be corroborated in other studies since HF ACC/AHA stage B patients are common and carry a considerable risk for progression to symptomatic HF.